New Zealand
New Zealand (//; Māori: Aotearoa
[aɔˈtɛaɾɔa]) is an island country in the
southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main
landmasses – that of the North
Island, or Te
Ika-a-Māui, and the South
Island, or Te
Waipounamu – and numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is
situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi)
south of the Pacific
island areas of New
Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last
lands to be settled by humans. During its long isolation, New Zealand developed
a distinctive biodiversity of animal, fungal and
plant life; most notable are the large number of unique bird species.
The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land
and volcanic eruptions.
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